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INTRODUCCIÓN: El desarrollo de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada se ha transformado en una tendencia global en las últimas décadas. Desde que esta formación de posgrado emergió en Estados Unidos ha trascendido a otros continentes y países. Si bien en la región de las Américas estos programas aún tienen un carácter incipiente, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud ha realizado esfuerzos constantes para relevar su aporte al logro del acceso universal de salud y al fortalecimiento de la atención primaria de salud y a la fuerza laboral de Enfermería. OBJETIVO: Este artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de la implementación de un programa de Práctica Avanzada en Chile, analizando facilitadores y desafíos del proceso. DESARROLLO: En respuesta a las necesidades del país y al contexto, la Escuela de Enfermería UC abrió su primer programa en 2021, específicamente en el área de la oncología, enfocado a abordar las brechas de acceso y cobertura en el área. Se plantean facilitadores y desafíos de la implementación que coinciden con lo que ocurre a nivel internacional CONCLUSIONES: Las fortalezas como los desafíos identificados proporciona una clara orientación para avanzar en la implementación y permiten proyectar estrategias basadas en evidencia y con pertinencia contextual, que consideren e integren las iniciativas exitosas publicadas y los logros obtenidos.
INTRODUCTION: The development of Advanced Practice Nursing has become a global trend in recent decades. Since this postgraduate training emerged in the United States, it has spread to other continents and countries. Although in the region of the Americas these programs are still incipient, the Pan American Health Organization has made constant efforts to highlight their contribution to the achievement of universal health access and to the strengthening of primary health care and the nursing workforce. OBJECTIVE: This article presents a reflection on the implementation of an Advanced Practice program in Chile, analyzing facilitators and challenges of the process. DEVELOPMENT: In response to the needs of the country and the context, the UC School of Nursing opened its first program in 2021, specifically in oncology, focused on addressing the gaps in access and coverage in the area. Facilitators and challenges of implementation are raised that coincide with what is happening internationally CONCLUSIONS: The strengths as well as the challenges identified provide clear guidance to advance implementation and allow projecting strategies based on evidence and with contextual relevance, which consider and integrate the successful initiatives published and the achievements obtained.
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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of an oncological disease exposes people to a greater state of vulnerability and health care models are not focused on their subjective needs. In this scenario, the primary nurse becomes a professional who contributes to the comprehensive care of people with cancer. AIM: To understand the lived experience of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment, when being cared for by a primary nurse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative phenomenological study. Nine cancer survivors who were cared for by primary nurses during chemotherapy were interviewed. RESULTS: The analysis revealed two comprehensive categories, namely experiences around becoming ill with cancer, and experiences when navigating the health system, each with subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the impact that personalized attention focused on people's needs has on their lives. It also contributes to visualize the work of primary nurses in the care and accompaniment of patients with cancer and their families. The need for specialized professionals such as Advanced Practice Nursing is underlined.
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Humanos , Enfermagem , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
PAHO/WHO proposes to implement the role of Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in Latin America, to reduce gaps in coverage and access to health care. For this purpose, it is necessary to train nursing professionals with an expanded role, which allows them to collaborate in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with specific diseases, under established protocols and clinical guidelines and within consolidated interdisciplinary health teams in a cost-effective way. One of the areas with the greatest coverage deficit in Latin America is adult oncology, with inequality in care opportunities for these patients. Part of the premature deaths attributable to this disease are due to the lack of access to timely diagnosis and treatment. As a contribution to the reduction of this gap, a training program of Advanced Nursing Practice was developed, addressing the most urgent needs in the field of oncology. The necessary competencies were defined to develop a professional-level master's degree program, considering prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with oncological diseases at different levels of care. A program of this kind is an opportunity to reduce the access gap and coverage of health care for people with cancer, improving their quality of life and their survival.